Climate and Water as Constraints to Production in the South African Sugar Industry
نویسنده
چکیده
Yield potentials for sugarcane in South Africa have in the past been defined in various ways. This paper attempts to draw the various definitions together and establish links between previous estimates based on growth analysis, whole plant carbon exchange and single leaf photosynthesis, with the now popular concepts of radiation use efficiency (RUE) and water use efficiency. Evidence from growth analysis experiments indicates that RUE in sugarcane is greater than that ofother C4 plants despite single leaf photosynthesis not being particularly high. Long term daily data from 32 meteorological stations in the SA Sugar Industry were processed using the CANEGRO model. Radiation-limited sucrose yield potentials varied from 22 t/ha per annum in the North to 14 t/ha in the South. Yield potentials were closely related to latitude and altitude through the influence of locality on radiation and temperature. Rainlimited potentials were 10 to 90% lower than radiation-limited potentials, depending on locality and soil type. Variations in age and season of planting and harvesting influence the environment experienced by the plant, and the effects of these management options on yield potentials is discussed.
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